신종순JongSoonShin

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Abstract

The questionnaire was investigated focus on Male junior high school in large city (Seoul), medium city(Chun-buk province) and rural area(Chun-buk province). The results of the study are as follows, 1. In school,students likes a Mat(50.43%).the reason why they were a great fancy was interesting (61.36%),On the other hand they hate the Parallel-bars(38.46%),because of a techinical difficulty(52.05%). 2. In school, accidents was a great burden to teacher(66.67%). Mat was apt to do guide and Parallel-bars was difficult to do guiding. 3. In order to take an active part in Gymnastics, it must be secured a good instrument facilities. Besides, the teacher wanted to learn the supporting for the purpose of preventing a serious accident. 4. Most of teachers referred to a textbook(85.56%). Regarding details of the text book, they pointed out it must be treated the sufficient explanation of technical guidance, teaching and supporting. 5. Teachers wanted that the textbook must be include more easier and various programs.

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강신복SinBokKang

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Abstract

Research on teaching had given much attention to teaching effectiveness. The focus was either on identifying the skills of effective teaching and the characteristics of effective teacher or describing what’s going on in physical education classes. Pattern analysis describes how instructional time is used by a teacher in the physical education classroom. The purpose of the study is to determine how elementary and secondary school teachers and student teachers use their instructional time in the physical education classes. The subjects of this study were 40 teachers and 40 student teachers at elementary and secondary schools. All subjects were observed to teach lead-up games with balls for a lesson. Teaching behaviors of an hour for each of subjects were observed and recorded by four trained observers with the categories or the Pattern Analysis system developed by D. Zakrajsek(1988). An interval-recording method was used to collect data on teacher behaviors. Satisfying levels of inter- and intra- observer agreement were maintained to ensure the reliability of the data obtained. The instructional time used on each of the category with percentages(%) was obtained on each of the categories of the system. t Tests were also made to determine the differences between the sub-groups of the subjects. On the basis of results analyzed, the conclusions were drawn as follows : 1. Both teachers and student teachers at teach level of schools use the instructional time on the developmental category with the highest percentage as compared to the other categories. The categories of organizational, content presentation(teaching), and preparatory were also among the higher ratio of percentages in the use of instructional time. 2. Both teacher and student teachers at each Level of schools use the instructional time on the categories of summation, departure, and preparatory with the lowest percentage as compared to the other categories. 3. There are differences between elementary and secondary school teachers on the use of instructional time in the categories of content presentation(teaching), developmental, nondirected, controlling, and recreational. 4. There are differences between elementary and secondary school student teachers on the use of instructional time in the categories of controlling and recreational. 5. There are differences between elementary school teachers and student teachers on the use of instructional time in all categories except summation, departure, and evaluation. 7. There are differences between secondary school teachers and student teachers on the use of instructional time in the categories of preparatory, organization, content presentation(teaching), developmental, and recreational.

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백동기DongKiBaik

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Abstract

The purpose of this study was to develope an inventory of competitive state anxiety which is specific to the artistic gymnastics. The competitive state anxiety was divided into three sub-domain : somatic anxiety, cognitive anxiety, and self-confidence. 24 questions were finially determined through item-to-total correlation and factor artistic gymnastics. The competitive state anxiety inventory-1,2 were administered to the 90, 197 artistic gymnastics respectively. The results showed that there was good evidence of construct validity in item-to-total correlation and factor analysis, and a high reliability in Cronbach’s alpha. This study suggested that we could measure the competitive state anxiety specific to the artistic gymnastics during the competition by dividing the anxiety into three factors of somatic anxiety, cognitive anxiety, and self-confidence.

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김진호JinHoKim

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From 1992 to 1994, and survey was conducted on the types of practical skills in the entrance examination which were tested by the departments of physical education in universities in downtown Seoul. the analysis was made by classifying them into three categories : basic skills, sport skills, and special skills of the athletes. The following conclusions were drawn from the survey. First, the distribution of the Departments of Physical Education in Univesities nationwide total 64 universities. The fixed number for entering university is limited to 4,204 students. The rates of the Departments of Physical Education and the fixed number for entrance in Seoul show 35% and 38% respectively. The remaining universities show wide and local distribution. Second, 36 subjects were selected in the practical test for basic skills, but there is nothing showing that any subject was performed within 100% in themes of selecting subjects for the practical test, 100m tracks were mostly performed 62% with 10.7 universities and the remaining subjects were performed less then 50% from the viewpoint of subjects selected as the practical test, and reached 5.3 subjects on the average. Third, the university which selected and Performed the practical test on sport skills averaged 30%, and the remaining universities have never done it. Fourth, the 12 universities which conducted the practical test on special skills averaged 69%. The number of subject in the special skills was 29 subjects but were limited to performing 11.5 subjects on the average. Fifth, there are problems that, except for sport skills, quite a number of universities were having a marked leaning toward basic skills, and the specially designated subject sport skills and special skills. In addition, the standard mark on individual skills was not open to the public. Last, for improving the above problems In selecting subject for the practical skills teat of university entrance examination, the practical skills test should account far 40∼50% in the university entrance examination. The percentage distribution of marks among the different skills should be alloted 20% with special skills in the practical test. The standard mark on individual skills has to be open. The subject of special skills should perform every subject. It is desirable that the structure of physical education be composed of 30% theorectical education and 70% practical skills test.

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김용옥YoungOkKim

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Abstract

The purpose of this study is to analyze the existing management of physical education to prepare curriculum of physical education in elementary school. the subjects are 567 elementary school teachers(male:378, female ; l89) in Kwangju city and Chunnam province. this study analyzes the objective domain, the teaching domain, and the evaluation domain of elementary physical education according to basic movements, gymnastics, games, and rhythms and expressive movements. The results are as follows: 1. The analysis of objective domain : 1) Teachers think their skills affect students’ objective achivements and they deal negligently with rhythms and expressive movements. 2) Teachers think the higher skills they have, the more objectives they presents, and the more achivements students have. 3) Male teachers are higher than females in basic movements, gymnastics, and games, while males are lower than in rhythms and expressive movements. 2. The analysis of teaching content: 1) Teachers deal with the basic movements most importantly. 2) Teachers think the level of difficulty is higher compared with the level of students’ development, and facilities and teaching aids importently of students’ achivements objectives, and the teaching plan should be revised in future curriculum. 3) Teachers think making teaching plan influence of students’ achivements objectives, and the teaching plan should be revised in future curriculum. 4) Male teachers are more excellent than females’ in basic movements, gymnastics, and games, but lower in rhythms and expressive movements. 3. The analysis of evaluation : 1) Teachers think the psychomotor modain is most important, and the effective domain is important, and the cognitive domain is less important. 2) They have the objectivity and validity of evaluation at average level.

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박영희YoungHeePark , 육조영ChoYoungYook , 이한경HanKyengLee , 권순성SoonSungKwen

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Abstract

A management of school physical education should be functioned as the principal of management which maintain essential condition in physical education so the accomplish the objectives of physical education with effect by cooperation among constituents. We have studied management of physical education using manager-self-diagnosis testing with the view that management of physical education in the part of responsbility in determining policy and/or strengthening the total orgarnization. And we have purposed to clarify that the structure of management physical education, the influence of inviornmental trait related specific management behaviors and the performance of management behaviors. 74 physical education managers(chief physical education teachers) of middle schools and high schools were studied randomly. We, finally, have analyzed the replies from them. Main findings were summarized as follows : 1. Six factors(initiative of inovation with cooperation, supervision of job accomplishment, initiating structure, expressing agenda, consideration, influencon members rank higher than managers) were extructed as sub-divension of managerial behavior. 2. The condition trait generally influencing three factors related to developmental managerial behavior was the autonomy of working groups composed of physical education teachers. 3. Managers in non routine condition made efforts to build the network with higher rank and did not sulervise severely the attitude of followers to job. 4. Managers evaluated highly their aptitude as leaders in working group for physical education by themselves displayed initiating structure and consideration however with the exception Influence on member rank higher than managers, all factors contributed toward the aptitude as leaders in the organization of management for physical education.

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이세호SeHoLee , 오용교YongKyoOh

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Abstract

The purpose of this investigation was to search a causal structure among variables of socialization into children’s physical activity and sport participation at elementary school. For this study, It was verified sport role learning model that explained the process of sport socialization by G. S. Kenyon and B. D. McPherson in 1987. A fixed alternative questionnaire was administered to 1,060 schoolboys between grades 4-6 at Seoul, Suwon, and Kwangju. The resultant data were verified by means of the ANOVA and Path Analysis using PC-SAS V6.03. The obtained conclusions from this study are summarized as follows ; First, schoolboy’s duration and types of sport at elementary school are greatly influenced by social situations : measurement variables such as school, community, and mass media. Then, these are influenced by personal attributes : measurement variables such as physical characteristics, attitudes & values of physical activity & sport participation, and sport skill, and last, influenced by significant others : measurement variables such as parent, teacher and coach, and role model. And among those all independent variables, the average values of personal attributes and social situations variables are significantly differenced by regional groups at .05 level. A process of physical activity & sport participation is mostly influenced by free time primary sport involvement : measurement variables such as duration and types of sport. Then, it is small influenced by opportunity set : measurement variables such as facilities & place for sport. But free time non sport involvement which is consisted of measurement variables such as hobby and study is not caused negative relation to sport role learning, and, the average values of those all intermediary variables that are free time primary sport involvement, opportunity set, and free time non sport involvement are significantly differenced by regional groups at .05 level.

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이인숙InSookLee

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Abstract

The socio-physical educational characters on an athletic meeting of the time of enlightenment (1816∼1910) can be prescribed from next 3 aspects. The athletic meeting at that time has been held about 217 times from the outset of English School 「Hwa Rhew HWE」in 1896 to 1910 when came to an end by the Japanese oppression. First, with an exception of Cheju Island, holding of the athletic meeting all over the ration after 1905 shows region-wide character signifying the regional base extension of the athletic meeting which can be approached to a popularization of physical education. Second, as identify the main current constituting the athletic meeting of the enlightenment age, the school athletic meeting contained strong socio physical educational tendency within a view of its structural specificity. From the side of main body power, there were many athletic meeting projected by an individual or a group of the community in spite it was a school athletic meeting. Furthermore, there were athletic meeting hosted by a firm or company and also community athletic meeting of the same time. And when viewed financial background of most athletic meeting, that the public sympathy on athletic meeting has been formed by way of participation of whole social stratum. Also the athletic meetings had been held at public place most of the time which could derive the in habitants to participate in it haturally. As a result, the fact that they were the majors of the athletic meeting made a social base expansion possible by way of an anti-schoolization. Third, as an outcome of a periodic crucial moment at that time, the character of the athletic meeting program got out of the sports competition centered trend, executed the omniscient base of the total modern cultural enlightenment. Most of all, concentrated its efforts in inspiration of patriotic enlightenment ideology in order to break national crisis, it is precise that it concentrated enlightenment. Like said, the athletic meeting of a anlightenment. age was a public assembly which derived a national unification by absorbing various social stratum region-widely. and the athletic meeting wan a bridge-like opportunity expanding the domains of the school-centered physical education to a socio-physical education. More over it took part in achieving the recovery of national right besides national wealth.

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정의권EuiKwunChung , 최충환ChungHwanChoi

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Abstract

The purpose of this study was to present rationale for understanding and development of physical education by re-examining the concept of physical education from phenomenological viewpoint. It was not only in basic concept that physical education should be update. Innovations should be introduced to all components of physical education goals should be redefined : contents should be reorganized : and new methods should be explored in teaching and evaluation. To begin with, it was crucially important to set forth basic directions on all fronts which are coordinated to achieve the established goals. In redefining goals, understanding the truth of the being based on movement experience should be made an important part of the goals, because this understanding is hopefully intended to lead to the internalization of aesthetic life. Second, contents should be such that supports or faciltates the achievement of the defined goals. Third, first-hand movement experience enhances the vividness of perception, expression and comprehension. Forth, evaluation of physical education should such that encourages human to aware and internalize the embodied knowing and lived experience in his movement. Physical education aims at enabling learners to appreciate the beauty of human movement. More applies “the most truthful is most beautiful”. The beauty of human movement narrows down to the truth of being and the embodied knowing through the human movement is what physical education is all about. Given this fact, physical education with rational and material orientation has lost its relevance in its entirety, for it give no room whatever for phenomenological speculation about the truth of being. Simply shifting attention from one area to another is unlikely to bring a tangible improvement of quality in physical education, unless fundamental changes occure in all components including goals, principles and method. Simultaneouse changes covering on all fronts offer the surest way to make physical education serve its supreme goal.

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유병렬ByungRyulYoo

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Abstract

Kelin includes both the affirmative and negative aspects in itself at the same time. In this paper several suggestions are made to systematize the affirmative aspect concretely. First, kelin and cycling should cooperate to be prepared for spreading kelin. Second, I propose the selection of the excellent cyclists who have retired not long ago as kelin cyclists and management personnel. And several factors need to be considered comprehensively to select the persons of similar tastes and non-cyclists, such as physical fitness, motive, perseverance, and capabilities as professional kelin cyclists. To select the kelin personnel, it is preferable to give priority to the experienced cyclists and educate them. Third, I suggest some activities for the project of kelin, which include the supports for the enlargement of cycling population, training and cycling facilities as well as for the long term field training and the attraction of large scale cycling contests. As for th profit from the project of kelin, it is preferable for us to use it to solve the serious problems caused by the rapidly increasing vehicles. We will have to enact a law to construct the roads for the cycles only, and make a financial in vestment in constructing them. In addition, the profit could be spent on the public utilities for the improvement of educational environment as well as on the solution of the problems for young and old people. Last, I proposed the publicity devices. They include the publication of publicity booklets and the holding of a meeting for kelin explanation. It may be preferable to make a long term plan and make it known to the public by stages.

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김종택JongTaekKim

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Abstract

The purpose of this study was to investigate the problems of the Korean Youth Fitness Test (KYFT) and its solutions. The subjects, 202 secondary school teachers, were surveyed about the meaning of youth fitness, measurement and evaluation problems of the KYFT. And the components of youth fitness, the validity of each test of the KYFT, evaluation method including the criterion were reviewed. The conclusions of the study were as follow. First, the concept of physical fitness focused on health rather than motor skill is emphasized for youth as the movement of sport for all with concerning fitness or health development, is a current issue in our society. Second, the components of physical fitness related health are more recommended in constructing youth fitness test, especially a test for measuring body composition like percent body fat should be added as obesity is an important factor for functional health. Third, a criterion related test should be used for evaluating youth fitness based on gender angage. Fourth, the efficiency of national administration of the KYFT should be reexamined in order to maximize educational effects of the KYFT.

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기한준HanJunGi

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Abstract

The purpose of this study was to investigate the possibility of application for various kinds of movement task, based on faded feedback principle which appeared for the decrease of dependency producing effect. Specially, this study was to identify the effects of task complexity and faded feedback on learning and performance in timing task. Subjects for experiment were 36 male attending in the department of physical education, S university. Using the multiple-purpose reaction tester, to measure variable error according to the task complexity of 2 levels(simple, complex task) and feedback presentation type of 3 levels(every trial presenting condition, 20% reduction condition, 30% reduction condition). The results of this study were as the followings : On the stage of performance, the main effects of faded feedback were not appeared. But on the stage of learning, the main effects of task complexity and faded feedback were all significant, This study discussed these results compared with the law of effect by thorn dike.

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허정식ChungSikHer

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Abstract

The purpose of this study was to find the effects of repeated practice on temporal structure of bowling throw motion. Subjects were 3 athlete and 3 non-athlete. Analysis motion of this study was bowling swing motion. and dependent variables was relative timing(movement time, positive accleration-time, phase angle, time ratio of down swing). The results showed that the notion of generalized motor program with invariant relative timing is attactive for its simplicity, but it encounters difficulties when confronted with data of this experiment. That is, the relative timing can be changed in terms of prolonged practice. In particular, this approach must be analyzed in terms of a model that distinguishes between a central and peripheral level. And there is no conclusive evidence for relative timing to become more invariant.

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김승철SeunChulKim , 육영숙YoungSookYook

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Abstract

The purpose of this study is to reveal whether aerobic dancing can improve female adults psychological Profile of Mood State. S ward office held aerobic dancing program 50 minute in a day, 5 times a week for 5 week on 72 female adults of S univ. Pre-test, post-test was before and after 50-minute exercise on the first day. Pre-Post test as the same procedure was done after 5 weeks of program. The results are : 1. Comparing mood state between before and after 1-week aerobic dancing tension, depression, anger, confusion and vigor were at p<.05 level. 2. Comparing mood state between before and after 5 weeks of aerobic dancing, depression, anger and self-esteem showed p<.001 level, tension and vigor at p<.05 level, which made meaningful difference. 3. Mood state between pre-exercise of the first aerobic dancing day and pre-exercise after 5 weeks showed difference between at the level of p<.01 on tension and depression, and at p<.05 on vigor and anger. 4. Mood state between pre-exercise of the first aerobic dancing day post-exercise after 5 weeks showed difference between p<.001 on tension and depression and p<.05 on anger, fatigue and confusion.

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김근희KeunHeeKim

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Abstract

In Korea dance as an art and dance criticism are not in an ideal union, and in certain cases are in conflict with each other. Dance critics complain that those in dance have a lack of understanding of criticism, lack an attitude that would accept criticism, and think that dance criticism exists for the purpose of interpretation and promotion of dance. Those doing the dancing, however, say that critics fail to understand the special characteristics of dance, and do criticism that is subjective and arbitrary. For this reason they tend to not be accepting of dance criticism, saying that it lacks validity and impartiality. Each side blames a lack of understanding on the part of the other ; critics claim dancers don’t understand criticism, while dancers claim that critics don’t understand the special characteristics of dance. By taking a look at the recent criticism of Korean dance and its influence on the art called dance, I have tried to find the origins of such conflict. I have come to the conclusion that there is a need to think of some conditions for critical form that will be objective and convincing to dancers. As with any form of art, criticism exists because there is creation. Therefore the special characteristics of the dancing art must first be made clear through theoretical backing. By comparing differences and similarities of dance and related art forms, I have tried to clarify that dance is rythmic movement using the human body as material for expression. The creative artistic nature and limitations of dance in its birth(creation) and existance(performance) and each of its stages must be defined. Understanding that the natural function of criticism is an artistic value judgement, I have looked into what the sociality and objectivity of such measurement is Also, by examining the critical writings of various schools of criticism, I have sought to show how the necessity and appropriateness of independent and subjective value judgement works in the act of criticism. When we assume that dance has its own characteristics, the act of criticism must have corresponding characteristics. I have dealt with the central problem of what elements are necessary and the process that criticism must undergo in order to objectify such characteristics.

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곽형기HyungKeeKoack

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Abstract

The present study investigated the early establishment of modern school physical education in korea in order to understand it`s significance to the history of physical education in korea. In the periodical approach, the development of physical education was divided into three phases. The first phase is the period of the birth of modern physical education and starts from 1876 when the harbors in korea were opened to the foreigners by Byoung-Ja Su-Ho Jo-Yak(丙子修好條約) and ends in 1885 when a christian private school was established. During that time, the modern physical education was introduced to school such as Won-San Hak-Sa(元山學舍) in Won-San(1883). The findings of the study (from 1876 to 1885) are as follows : Social consciousness was found to be the major force behind the ideology of school physical education during its early development. In the first phase of the development, national awareness of the foreign challenge awakened the idea of Nae-Su-Ja-Gang內修自强) and the subject of physical education focused on the military arts. From the institutional aspects, (1)the training of body and specific physical activities was first included in the institutionalized modern school systems, (2)the management of the early schools were largely public so that national determination was reflected in the practice of physical education, and (3)since the enrollment to schools were open and democratic, the benefit of school physical education reached to a wider population. The management of physical education curriculum during this period was rigid with frequent evaluation and rewards, and the contents of the training emphasized the military arts.

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강희성HiSungKang

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Abstract

The purpose of this study is to find out the self-selected intensity of exercise and suggest the optimal exercise intensity for improving aerobic capacity of untrained students. Ten sedentary students who have not participated in any regular exercise program were selected as subjects. All subjects underwent graded maximal exercise test for measurement of maximal oxygen uptake(VO₂max) and anaerobic threshold(AT). Then Fixed-exercise(AT level intensity) and Free-exercise(self-selected intensity) were performed for 30 min, respectively. Lactate concentration and the Rating of Perceived Exertion(RPE) were measured every 5 min during Fixed- and Free-exercises. Results obtained were as follows : 1. Self-selected intensity of exercise was lower than AT. 2. Lactate concentration significantly increased at 5 min of Fixed-exercise and thereafter slightly increased with time. But there was a tendency to decrease in lactate concentration after 5 min during Free-exercise. 3. Values of RPE were between 14 and 17 during Fixed-execise, but between 11 and 14 in Free exercise. 4. The intensity of Fixed-exercise showed 8.1 METs, but 6.1 METs in Free-exercise. From the discussion of above results, it is concluded that untrained students should participate at least in AT level exercise. In case of exercise of self-selected intensity, they should exercise more frequently and increase the duration of exercise.

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김현수HyunSooKim , 이윤나YoonNaLee , 최혜미HayMieChoi

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Abstract

The relationships between body composition and selected physical fitness and motor ability elements were determined in junior high school boys and girls. The subjects were five hundred and twenty nine boys and girls aged 12∼15 years. 12 physical fitness and motor ability elements were tested and skinfold thickness was measured at five sites using an Langer caliper. Impedance(Z) was also measured using a tetrapolar bioelectrial impedance plethysmograph(Gilwoo, GIF 881). Body density was calculated from the formula of Watanabe et al(1993). Boys had significantly less fat and performed significantly better than girls on each of the performance tests. For the group of boys and girls, moderately strong relationships between %fat and performances on each of the tests were found, with correlations ranging from 0.144 to 0.640. Variables which represented muscular power and endurance were negatively affected by %fat, while muscular strength was positively related to %fat. Flexibility variables were found not to be affected by %fat. This is also confirmed in obese group. In order to further examine the effects of %fat on physical fitness and motor ability, the subjects were categorized into three groups according to %fat : lean(n=22), standard(n=310), and obese(n=192). The result of comparison among groups clearly indicated that the obese group was significantly inferior in muscular power and endurance but was better in muscular strength than the other groups. The relative amount of body fat. was found to be one important factor that affects many physical fitness and motor ability elements.

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양정수JungSuYang

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Abstract

The purpose of the study was to investigate the effects of detraining on the serum lipids level in athletes. 10 male athletes(rowing and swimiming) and 5 female athletes(rowing) were studies during 3 week detrainig periods. Venous blood samples were drawn from ante cubital vein using syringes(7ml/each) at 4 times(0, 1, 2, 3 wk). The blood samples were used to analyze the level of blood TC, HDL-C and TG. TC and TG were analyzed by enzyme method and HDL-C was analyzed by dextran sulphate MgCl₂ precipitation method. After Chemical treatemt, exact values were obtained by spectro photometer 2600(Gilford, U.S. A.), and TC/HDL-C ration and LDL-C ［TC-(TG /5+HDL-C) : Assmann, 1982］ were calculated afterwards. The conclusions were summarized as follows : · Changes of blood lipids level were revealed from 1 week after detraining and made a more increased(or decreased) from 2 week after detraining. · Changes of blood lipids level during 3 week detraining periods were showed higher difference between sexes than that of sport events. · Changes of blood lipids level during detraining periods were showed higher sensitivity at male than that of female. athletes.

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이동수DongSooLee , 김기학KiHackKim

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Abstract

The living conditions relating to the motor ability of 880 Juveniles of 12∼14 age(447 of urban area, 433 of rural area) are investigated. The relation between the development of motor ability and living conditions is analysed separtely in urban and rural areas. The result of the analysis is as follows : 1. The motor ability is gradually developed with growing age of Juveniles in both areas. However, figure 8 duck in urban area and trunk flexion in rural area show no significant difference with regard to the age of Juveniles. The Juveniles of rural area are superior to the Juveniles of urban area in the motor ability of endurance and balance items. But there is no difference in strength, agility and flexibility items between the two areas. 2. In both areas, the motor ability shows higher relation with health-maturity and exercise state than with other living conditions. The agility item(100m dash) and endurance item(1,000m run) also have higher relations with play and learning state in addition to the above-mentioned living conditions. 3. The period of voice change had a high degree of contribution to all items, except in figure 8 duck in urban area. Exercise favor, unbalanced diet and quentity of meals items also have higher contribution than other living condition items.

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배성제SungJeeBae

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Abstract

The purpose of this study was conducted to investigate the correlation between the flight distance and the kinematic variables on take-off motion of the long jump. A typical high speed film analysis technique including DLT(Direct linear transformation) method of three dimentional cinematograpy was adapted to record and analyze total of eight long jumps performed by elite woman athletes at a track and field events. The following were found that : The correlations between the body COG height at take-off and flight length were significantly related as r=0.66 respectively at p<0.05 level. However, it was not possible to find the relationship between the body COG height at touch-down and flight length. And the correlation between the take off distance and flight length were significantly related as r=0.80 respectively at p<0.01 level. And it was not possible to reveal the correlation between the take-off angle(YZ plane & XY plane) and flight length. It was not possible to reveal the relationship between the last stride length, width before take-off and flight length. The correlation between the body lean angle at take-off and flight length were significantly related as r=0.85 respectively at p<0.01 level. However, it was not possible to find the relationship between the body lean angle at touch-down and flight length. And the correlation between the knee angle displacement on take-off phase and flight length were significantly related as r=0.63 respectively at p<0.05 level. The correlation between take-off horizontal velocity and flight length were significantly related as r=0.61 respectively at p<0.05 level. But it was not possible to reveal the relationship between the touch-down vertical velocity, take-off vertical velocity and flight length. the correlation between take-off velocity(resultant) and flight length were significantly related as r=0.71 respectively at p<0.05 level. However, it was not possible to find the relationship between touch-down velocity and flight length.

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김원중WonJungKim , 박상규SangKyuPark , 차광석KwangSukCha

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Abstract

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of training method on changes of Serum AST and ALT. This study used 6 weeks old male rats of Sprague-Dawley family. To do this, we divided 108 rats into five groups. These five groups are compared and measured after twelve weeks to see Serum AST and ALT through different types of training. The results were summarized as follow ; 1. Serum AST was increased after treadmill exercise in all groups. But this was not significant. Also, all groups are on resting and training method were not significant. 2. Serum ALT was significantly(P<0.001) decreased after treadmill exercise for Swimming Hi-Load group. And in running low-load group was significantly(P<0.05) increased. 3. Before the exercise, comparing Swimming Hi-load group with Running Hi-load group and with Running Low-load group, the result of serum ALT was shown significant(P<0.05). Meanwhile, from training method running method was shown significantly(P<0.05). (ANCOVA)

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김학렬HagLyeolKim , 안의수EuiSooAnn , 김석주SeokJooKim

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Abstract

The purpose of this paper estimated a profiles of plasma LDH and LDH isozymes followed aging in rat. Also, it was estimated from a responses of exercise stress followed aging as analysis of a LDH and LDH isozymes induced to acute maximal swimming exercise. No. 39 male rats of a Sprague-Dawley were divided into three months(n=12), nine months(n=17), and sixteen months (n=10)，and they were separated into each two group(Control & Swimmer). In the 3, 9, 16 months, half of control group was randomly killed. The other half of group was performed with swimming exercise until exhaustive state. Water tank of 50cm depth and 50cm diameter was used for this study. Rats were performed 5 minute of warm up with swimming exercise. This warm up was followed by taking 5mm rest period then, animal exercised until exhaustion. Total LDH activities of control group displayed significantly decreased levels (p<0.05 : 3mo. vs 9mo. : p<0.001 : 3mo. vs 16mo.) with increase of age，and significantly increased levels at 9 month (p<0.01)，16 months(p<0.001)group after acute maximal swimming exercise in swimmers, but not significant difference in 3 months group. Also, exhaustion time of maximal swimming exercise was shown m turn 3 months,9 months and 16 months, but total LDH activities displayed more increased levels m 16 months group. Changes of LDH isozymes distribution was not a significant difference as increase of age, but LDH5 was shown significantly decreased levels(p<0.01; 3mo. vs 16mo.). Distribution of LDH isozymes after acute maximal swimming exercise of all groups was shown decreased levels in LDH 1+2+3, wheareas, the level of LDH4+5 was increased. Conclusively, Plasma LDH activities followed aging of rat was shown significantly decreased levels as increase of age, and changes of LDH isozymes distribution displayed significantly decreased levels as increase of age in M-type(LDH 1+5). In spite of profiles to LDH and LDH isozymes followed aging, Changes of LDH and M-type isozymes induced after acute maximal swimming exercise displayed more activities in old rat(16mo.). The results of this paper suggest that it must be differed the intensity of exercise follows aged different rat, also, exercise program used to this study occured a enzyme efflux in a skeletal muscle, mainly.

Key Words

Aging, Exercise, Plasma LDH, LDH isozymes

이상종SangJongLee , 정경희KyoungHoiJeoung , 윤정수ChungSuYun , 윤신중SinJoongYun

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Abstract

This study was to find MCA and location of MCA, to compare respiratory and circulatory functions, metabolic responses and arterial blood gas responses of pre-and post-submaximal exercise by exercise types, to analyze their changeable patterns, and also to find factor patterns in re-sponse to them. 40 subjects were tested in order to reserch this title. They were classified as follows : 10 nonathletes(group of controls), 10 weight lifters (group of anaerobic exercsise), 10 basketball players (group of aerobic and anaerobic exercise), and 10 distance runners (group of aerobic exer-cise), Selcted subjects was investigated by NCCA test, ABGA test, pulmonary function test and exercise test. Here we could get conclusion from these experiments as follows. 1. MCA by exercise types was appeared in sequence of aerobic exerciser, aerobic and anaerobic execiser, nonathletes, anaerobic exerciser. And there were appeared significant differences in only RCA 0.4Cm(p<0.05) and RCA 2.0Cm(P<0.01). 2. MCA was selected CA 0.4Cm. 3. In correlation coefficients among NCCA and various respiratory and circulatory responses by exercise types, There was larger at 5min exercise than the other exercise time zones (Table Ⅲ-2). 4. Factor patterns of respiratory responses, circulatory functions, metabolic responses and arterial blood gas responses appeared by 7 factors at rest, by 4 at AT and by 6 at submaximal exercise as in Table Ⅲ-3a-c. 5. Changeable patterns and regression equations according to the patterns by exercise types were like Figure Ⅲ-1-7.

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이용수YoungSooLee

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Abstract

This study examined the effects of resistive exercise(RE) on plasma volume changes quantified by using hematocrit (PVC_Hct) and hematocrit & hemoglobin value (PVC_Hct,Hb). 10 healthy male college students(21.5±1.7 years) repeated a five-station resistive exercise circuit five sets, with a resistance determined by subject’s individual 1RM. The stations and resistance were bench press (30% of 1RM), parallel squat(40% of 1RM), leg extension(30% of 1RM), lat pulldown(40% of 1RM) and leg press(30% of 1RM), respectively. Blood samples were drawn from the antecubital vein at pre RE, completion of the 3rd and 5th set, 30 min post RE, 1 hour post RE and 2 hour post RE. The mean PVC_Hct and PVC_Hct,Hb decreased -12.6%. -11.3% and -12.7%, -10.8% at completion of the 3rd set and 5th set of RE, respectively. At 30 min post RE, mean PVC_Hct and PVC_Hct,Hb had returned to the pre RE level(0.45, 0.49%). Following RE, mean PVC_Hct and PVC_Hct,Hb increased 4.9%, 3.3% and 3.0%, 2.1% at 1 hr post RE and 2 hr post RE, respectively. Results of the Paired t-test indicated that there were significant differences between PVC_Hct and PVC_Hct,Hb at completion of the 3rd set(p<0.05), 5th set(p<0.01), and 1 hr post RE(p<0.01). To quantify precisely the effects of PVC on concentrations, the expected concentration(C_EX) that would result mainly from PVC was calculated first. The actual change of plasma constituent was calculated by subtracting C_EX from the measured concentration. And then the concentrations during and post RE was determined by adding the actual change of plasma constituent to the concentration measured before RE. The results of this study suggest that RE evokes a hemoconcentration during and immediately post RE and that PVC can accurately be estimated from PVC_Hct,Hb rather than PVC_Hct. Finally, variations in plasma volume should be considered and quantified to distinguish between the changes induced in the constituents and those alterations induced by PVC specially in a research protocol that involves determination of the concentration of a substance in plasma before and after an intervention.

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이충훈ChoongHoonLee , 천승호 , 오외석 , 김태왕

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Abstract

This paper dealt with the relationship of lateral dominance shown by the college athletes brain hemisphere preference. The results are as follows : 1. By the kinds of athletic sports, the athletes brain hemisphere preference was shown as P=.0000 significantly. 2. By the areas of athletic sports, the athletes brain hemisphere preference was shown as P=.0000 significantly. 3. By the types of athletic sports, the athletes brain hemisphere preference was shown as P=.000 significantly. 4. By the one-hand lateral dominance, t-test result about athletes brain hemisphere preference was shown as P=.336 insignificantly. 5. By the one-eye lateral dominance, t-test result about the athletes brain hemisphere was shown as P=.028 significantly. 6. By the one-leg lateral dominance, t-test result about athletes brain hemisphere was shown as P=.7745 insignificantly. 7. By the one-side of body lateral dominance, t-test result about the athletes brain hemisphere was shown as P=.0350 significantly.

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전종귀JongKuiJun

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Abstract

Eight male physical education major students performed treadmill walking(speed, 4mph: grade, 0 degree) to study the cardiorespiratory response to exercise with trunk weights. Six load conditions (no added load, loads of 1%, 2%, 3%, 4% and 5% body weights added to the trunk) were examined. The results demonstrated that HR, SBP, VE, VO₂, and VCO₂ increased as load was increased. Especially HR and SBP increased significantly(p<0.01) after the 3% additional external weights(average weights, 1.99㎏)were added to the trunk. VE, VO₂, and VCO₂ increased significantly (p<0.01) after the 4% additional external weights (average weights, 2.66㎏)were added to the trunk. DBP and RER were not changed significantly according to the load conditions. These data suggest that 3% trunk weights can increase the hemodynamic benefits of walking and 4% trunk weights will change the energetic benefits of walking.

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최건우KunWooChoi

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Abstract

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of vitamin B-6 administration for 6 weeks on changes of blood glucose and lactate after Taylor test protocol exercise on treadmill. All subjects were 16 athletes males, who were divided into 2 groups: Experimental(8) and Control group(8). Blood sampling were collected 4 times : rest, immediately exercise, post-15, 30min after exercise. Data analysis were tested by SPSS(2-way ANOVA) within and between groups. The result was following as : 1. In the comparison of blood glucose within `groups, experimental group was showed significantly increase of blood glucose at immediately exercise after vitamin B₆ administration, but both groups in other condition were showed no change of blood glucose. 2. In the comparison of blood glucose between groups, in experimental groups were significantly higher than control group at immediately exercise after vitamin B₆ treatment. In other condition all groups were showed no change of blood glucose. 3. In the comparison of blood lactate within groups, experimental group was showed significantly decrease at recovery 30 min exercise after vitamin B_6 administration, but both Groups were showed no change of blood lactate in other condition. 4. In the comparison of blood lactate between group, blood lactate in experimental groups were significantly decrease in comparison with control group at post-30 min. exercise after vitamin B₆ treatment. So, vitamin B₆ administration can be effected to facilitate for the efficacy for energy metabolism, and to decrease blood lactate at recovery stage. These effects should be suggest as result that vitamin B₆ can be activited to metabolism for exercise.

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엄성호SungHoUm , 박병국ByungKookPark , 김성배SungBaeKim

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Abstract

The purpose of this study is to analyze the kinematic variables of multi-joint arm movement. Movement of the right arm were studied in 5 right handed male students who ranged in age from 19 to 22 years. The rectilinear and curivilinear arm movement were measured in the horizonatal plane which was restricted to the shoulder and elbow joint. Each subject was seated and grasped the vertical handle of hand-position transducer. The transducer joint position were monitored by way of precision, low-torque potentiometer whose signals were digitized at a rate of 100 samples persecond. The result of rectilinear and curvilinear of arm movement in body center were as following : The displacement of hand toward the body center in rectilinear arm movement showed straight path whereas hand velocity profile showed unimodal of bell-shaped. In body center, the change of shoulder and elbow showed irreqularly during movement time. The variability of movement trajectory among subjects were made little difference. The displacement of hand toward the body center in curvilinear arm movement showed curved path whereas hand velocity profile showed bimodal of bell-shaped. The change of shoulder and elbow showed irreqularly during movement time. The variability of movement trajectory among subjects were made little difference. In summary, hand movement trajectory of multi-joint arm movement was related with the using control of inter-dynamic mechanism. The arm movements was planned with respect to hand space using the extrinsic coordinate of the external surroundings rather than with respect to joint space using the instrinsic coordinates of the body.

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최은택EunTaikChoi , 조성봉SeongBongCho

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Abstract

This study was performed to investigate the effects of cardiorespiratory function on the change of serum LDH activity and distribution of isoenzyme during recovery phase after maximal and submaximal exercise with athletes and nonathletes. This results were as follow : 1. The cardiorespiratory function of athletes as maximal oxygen uptake and lactate threshold was superior to that of nonathletes. 2. The change of serum LDH activity after maximal exercise showed higher than the change of serum LDH activity after submaximal exercise, and the increase of serum LDH activity in athletes showed higher than nonathletes. 3. The changes of distribution of isoenzymes after maximal and submaximal exercise in nonathletes showed higher than athletes. In the changes of distribution of isoenzymes, the change of heart type was related to submaximal exercise, however the change of muscle type was related to maximal exercise. In this results, we think that the lower level of cardiorespiratory function were the more the change of distribution of isoenzymes and level of fatigue. In addition to, we proposed that the investigation of optimal level in exercise prescription required the analysis of detail items as the change of isoenzyme distribution.

Key Words

LDH, isoenzyme, lactate threshold

김혜영HyeYoungKim , 양종만JongMannYang

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Abstract

Key Words

김기진KiJinKim , 공응대UngDaeKong , 김학렬HagLyeolKim

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Abstract

This study examined the effects of simulated hypoxic training with PO₂ Aerobic Exerciser on changes in respiratory gas parameters and blood gas parameters with 2,000m rowing ergometer simulated race. Ten elite male rowers participated in this investigation, and subjects were divided into that Two groups a PO₂ Aerobic Exerciser training group(PO₂ group, n=5) spent 5 weeks of simulated hypoxic training with PO₂ Aerobic Exerciser and a general training group(NPO₂ group, n=5) had a corresponding training with general program(control group). In PO₂ group, oxygen uptakes were increased(P<0.05) over pre-training levels immediately after rowing ergometer simulated race, and peak values of blood lactate concentration were decreased (P<0.05) over pre-training levels during recovery phase after rowing ergometer simulated race, but NPO₂ group showed no change. Blood cell parameters were unchanged in both groups. Variation of pH immediately after rowing ergometer simulated race in PO₂ group was lower(P<0.05) than NPO₂ group. Changes of blood buffering parameters during recovery phase after rowing ergometer simulated race between before traing and after training showed similar results. Performance of rowing ergometer simulated race increased in both groups, but this increase was no significant. This results suggest that the simulated hypoxic training with PO₂ Aerobic Exerciser influenced on the inhibition of blood lactate increase and the recruitment of aerobic metabolism during 2,000m rowing ergometer simulated race. However, we cannot suggest the clear conclusion about the similar effect between PO₂ Aerobic Exerciser and altitude training.

Key Words

PO₂ Aerobic Exerciser, rowing hypoxic training

신갑호GapHoShin , 박종훈JongHoonPark

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Abstract

In the horizontal bar, I got the following results by video analysis of three national athletes in order to use it as a basic material for improving their skills. It was examined by kinematic variables of Gaylord movement suited for the rule of scoring revised in 1993 and high value of difficulties. 1) In down swing of whirling, the large circle movement of Hip J. makes it easy to move upward vertically and shorten the redius of upward swing movement. And it helps to take slant-handstanding when taking the bar. 2) In down swing of whirling, the fast velocity of Hip J. helps to retain fast velocity in third and forth phases. And it makes possible to move in the air and increase the revolving power of retaking bar. 3) In the swing motion, the extreme increase of velocity of Ankle J. can decrease the revolving power of Ankle J. the increase of revolving power of Ankle J. can help to take bar and take slant-handstanding. 4) In the swing motion, the waist reaction which is shown in the form of big angular variation of Hip J. can cause the upward movement of Hip J. and increase the revolving power of Ankle J. 5) In down swing of whirling, the overly extension movement can cause the delay of timing of waist reaction in the third phase and make the same overly extension movement in the forth phase. So it makes it easy to increase the revolving power of Ankle J. But it can cause difficulties in the upward movement of Hip J. 6) The abrupt reflection of Knee J, in the forth phase of deviation of hans can disturb the increase of revolving power and the upward movement of Hip J.

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이만기M.K.Lee , 이기태K.T.Lee , 장성록S.R.Chang

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Abstract

Muscular strength is assessed by measuring the force exerted on an external object by muscle group. Since there are four flexor muscles at elbow, elbow flexion depends on muscle`s coactivation. The objective of this study is to investigate the changes of the role assigned to each muscle for three elbow angles and four exertion level. It should be noted that an EMG multiplexor is developed and bioelectric signals of four elbow flexors have been simultaneously measured. The results showed that the recruitment of biceps brachii is relatively constant but those of other muscles are varied depending on elbow angles and exertion levels.

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황혜선HeaSunHwang , 최희남HeeNamChoi

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Abstract

The purpose of this study was to analyze and indentify the serum lipids, glucose, and skinfold of the elementary school students in order to utilize them as the basic data for the prevention of the elementary school students against Arteriosclerosis and Diabetes. We used total of thirty male student of Shinbankgak elementary school as sample and divided into the three groups : 1) the runner athlete group(10) 2) standard body weight group(10) 3) the over weight group(10) To analyze the T-C, HDL-C, LDL-C, TG, β-Lipoprotein, Glucose after drawing blood from 30 students who had not eaten anything for 12 hours, KMI analyzed it. Statistical techniques for data analysis were applied to mean, standard deviation, ANOVA-test, and Post hoc comparison test by Newman-keuls method. The conculsion was drawn as followings : 1) Total-cholesterol It was 183.4㎎/㎗ for over weight group, 162.20㎎/㎗ for standard body weight group and 155.60㎎/㎗ for athlete group. There is little difference between athlete group and standard body weight group, but there was a significant difference between over weight group and athlete group and between overweight group and standard body weight group. 2) LDL-Cholesterol It was 123.74㎎/㎗ for over weight group, 97.68㎎/㎗ for standard body weight group and 88.48㎎/㎗ for athlete group. There is little difference between athlete group and standard body weight group, but there was a significant difference between over weight group and athlete group and between over weight group and standard body weight group. 3) Triglyceride It was 88.60㎎/㎗ for over weight group, 75.l0㎎/㎗ for standard body weight group and 49.60㎎/㎗ for athlete group. There is little difference between athlete group and standard body weight group, but there was a significant difference between over weight group and athlete group and between over group and standard body weight group. 4) β-Lipoprotein It was 399.50㎎/㎗ for over weight group, 304.31㎎/㎗ for standard body weight group and l0㎎/㎗ for athlete group. There is little difference between athlete group and standard body weight group, but there was a significant difference between over weight group and athlete group and between over weight group and standard body weight group. 5) HDL-Cholesterol It was 57.20㎎/㎗ for athlete group, 49.50㎎/㎗ for standard body weight group and 42.30㎎/㎗ for over weight group. So HDL-Cholesterol was the highest in athlete group, but no significant difference was found among the three groups. 6) Total-cholesterol /HDL-Cholesterol It was 4.43 for over weight group 3.43 for standard body weight group and 2.90 for athlete group. There is little difference between athlete group and standard body weight group, but there was a significant difference between over weight group and standard body weight group. 7) Glucose It was 94.00㎎/㎗ over-weight group, 89.60㎎/㎗ for standard body weight group and 91.40㎎/㎗ for athlete group. There was no difference in Glucose among 3 groups. 8) Correlation between T-C, and TG, LDL-C, β-Lipoprotein, and TG and β-Lipoprotein, LDL-C, β-Lipoprotein was high at the level of P<.01. 9) Triceps and Subscapular showed significant difference(P<.001) among the 3 groups. 10) Correlation between weight and T-C, TG, and LDL-C was shown to be low, but reversed correlation was shown between weight and Glucose, HDL-C and β-Lipoprotein.(P<.01) 11) Correlation between Triceps, Subscapular and LDL-C, β-Lipoprotein proved to be high at the level of P<.05 and P<.01 respectively. And Glucose and T-C show a low correlation and HDL-C indicated reversed-correlation. Considering the results shown in the above, it is thought to be highly possible for disease of adult people such as troubles in coronary arteries to be extened gradually to low age group judging from the fact that the concentration of serum lipids, which cause disease of adult people like hypertension, diabets and arterial sclerosis, proved to be high for pupils of elementary school in addition to adult people and students of middle school. Accordingly, in order to prevent obesity or coronary arteries, proper dietetic treatment and regular exercise are regarded to be very important. But it is thought that studies should be made further through a wider range of survey of objects because we are lacking in data despite the trend of disease of adult people becoming incident to low age group. Also, from the aspects of correlation between weight and serum lipids, and skinfold thickness and serum lipids a study of standard judgement by skinfold thickness is required which makes it easy to estimate rather by serum lipids than by weight as a standard of judgement.

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조준용JoonYongCho , 김중언JungUnKim

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Abstract

The purpose of this study was to verify the difference on knowledge, attitudes and practices of hypertensives by sex, middle and older age and educational background. This study employed 120 males and 108 females as subjects who were aged between 40 and 80 years old. The experimental design of the study was conducted by using three way ANOVA in order to analyze the data statistically. As the result of the data, the conclusions were as follows : 1. There was not statistically significant difference in knowledge by sex(P<.05). 2. There was not statistically significant difference in knowledge by age(P<.05). 3. There was not statistically significant difference in knowledge by educational background(P<.05). 4. There was not statistically significant difference in attitude by sex(P<.05). 5. There was not statistically significant difference in attitude by age(P<.05). 6. There was not statistically significant difference in attitude by educational background(P<.05). 7. There was not statistically significant difference in practice by sex(P<.05). 8. There was not statistically significant difference in practice by age(P<.05). 9. There was not statistically significant difference in practice by sex(both man and woman) and educational background. As a result of Scheffe test, it appeared that there was difference in educational background(P<.05).

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진영완YoungWanJin , 최웅재WoongJaeChoi

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Abstract

The purpose of this study was to examine the kinematics variations occurring in each segment of the body through three dimensional cinematography of national team level tennis players flat service motion. The object, also, was to provide data for instructing players by identifying the types of service motion. It can be said that important things in a service motion are power and precision, and at the point of impact, the position of the racket face must be congruous with its angle of incidence. In order to do timing and rhythm must form mutual harmony. With these scientific analysis and method, Coach and Instructors must provide profer guidance and teaching for tennis players. Seven tennis players of the Korea Armed Forces Athletic Corps(KAFAC) were the subjects of the study, and film shooting was done by using two high-speed cameras at speed 200f/s. Three dimensional coordinations for the anatomical landmarks was obtained through the DLT method. SPSS /PC⁺⁺ was used for the statistical analysis of the data. The result of kinematical analysis the flat service motion by means of three dimensional cinematography was as follows : 1. The motion execution time for the whole phase was 1.10±0.12s, with the motion execution time recored as fast as 0.11±0.01s, in the force production phase. 2. The maximum linear velocity of the racket was 30.98±1.25m/s, and at the point of impact, this linear velocity was recored as 29.25±1.50m/s. Also, the maximum velocity of the hand(14.56±0.49m/s) occured before(by 0.04s) the maximum velocity of the racket, and there was an efficient shift of power as the maximum velocity was recored in the consecutive order of the trunk, upperarm, lowerarm and the racket. 3. At the point of impact, the velocity of the tennis ball was 42.22±1.14m/s, the height of the toss 3.23m, the altitude of the impact 2.65m, and there was found to be no correlation between the velocity of the ball and the linear velocity of the racket at the point of impact. This was interpreted as the result of either the loss of energy in the body at the point of impact or discrepancies from using small number of study subjects. Also, the transition(X, Y, Z) of the center of gravity, from the minimal point to the point of impact, was recored as 44.5m/s, 29. 3㎝ /s and -6.l㎝ /s, respectively. 4. At the point of impact, the joint of the elbow showed the biggest change(169.9˚) of the joint angles, with the racket recording 133.3˚. Also, at 0.046s before impact, the minimum angle(138.4±5.852˚) was recored for the cocking angle, but by recording 167.6±6.93 at the point of impact, a change of approximately 29.2 was seen. 5. The maximum angle speed of each segment for the racket and the hand were recored as 53. 41±3.920rad/s and 39.87±4.915/s, respectly. 6. In the service motion the transition of power within the body occurred efficiently. However, consistent toss height of each subject and concentrated training of the first service is needed. Also, it was analyzed that there should not be a loss energy at the point of impact in order to have command of a stronger service.

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김종훈

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Abstract

This paper was attempted to analyze the variation of blood chemical components according to different work loads by testing middle-long distance runners(athletes) and non-athletic students (non-athletes) under 80% of VO₂max (treadmill exercise load) during rest, exercise, and recovery. Results are as follows. (1) Through ANOVA results we were able to observe that although no statistical differences were found for fasting sugar, total protein, total cholesterol, SGOT and SGPT, albumin and globlulin showed chi-square values of 12.3241 and 14.1323, showing a noticeable difference for the athletic group during rest, exercise and recovery. (2) Paired t-test results on athletes during rest and exercise showed t values of 0.8859 and 2.2740 respectively showing no relavant difference. However, total protein, albumin, total cholesterol, SGOT and SGPT did show a statistical difference in average values between the two variances. (3) Paired t-test results of athletes during rest and recovery showed no statistical difference for fasting sugar, albumin and globulin. However, the t-value of total protein, total cholesterol, SGOT and SGPT was found to be 10.9767, 2.8289, 10.5493 and 3.4353 showing a noticeable difference in average values between the tow variances. (4) Independent t-test results of athletes and non-athletes shows no noticeable difference for fasting sugar, albumin and globulin, but it did show a noticeable statistical difference for total protein, total cholesterol, SGOT and SGPT.

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양금산KumSanYang , 김기학KiHackKim

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Abstract

It operated factor structure analysis motor ability to elementary school sixth grade boys, subjects are total 96. Test item selected 26, hypothesis is hypothesised 15 subdomains that selected in 7 domains Factor solution method used principal component solution among the multiple factor models. This method is to search coefficient matrix with raw data, apply to principal component solution, and search unrotated factor pattern matrix. Then orthogonal rotation conducted by Normal Varimax criterion, search rotated pattern matrix, extract factor, and interpret with it. The results are following. factor 1. explosive power factor 2. physique factor 3. agility factor 4. flexibility factor 5. coordination factor 6. static strength factor 7. balance.

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